Pdf rat bite fever and streptobacillus moniliformis. Spirillum minus has never been grown in culture but, because both are causative agents of ratbite fever, these organisms. Adobe acrobat pdf format, however some iso and iec standards are available. Streptobacillus moniliformis haverhill fever, rat bite fever. Streptobacillus moniliformis, the cause of ratbite fever rbf in the united states, has rarely been reported as a cause of infectious endocarditis. Streptobacillus definition of streptobacillus by the. Streptobacillus moniliformis as the causative agent in. Streptobacillus moniliformis is one of the causes of rat bite fever in man, the other being spirillum minus see p. Rat bite fever resembling rheumatoid arthritis epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and reporting of ratbite fever rbf caused by streptobacillus moniliformis.
Streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia in a pet shop employee. Rubin, in principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases fifth edition, 2018. Other unusual features of this case include septic arthritis with prominent involvement of the sternoclavicular joint and the absence of a rash. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a zoonotic agent associated with rodent contacts. Streptobacillus moniliformis, a gramnegative bacillus, is the leading cause of ratbite fever in the united states 1. Laboratory animalmethod for examination of streptobacillus moniliformis text of document is in chinese available for subscriptions. Isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from the blood. We present an interesting case of a patient who developed an epidural abscess caused by streptobacillus moniliformis. In order to evaluate a polymerase chain reaction pcr for the detection of this zoonotic bacterium in animal tissues a set of primers was designed based on the dna base sequence of. Streptobacillus images partners infectious disease. Rat bite fever is a human illness that can be caused by two different bacteria, streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum minus. Streptobacillus moniliformis an overview sciencedirect topics. The mortality or rbf has been reported to be as high as % in the absence of appropriate and timely treatment. Rat bite fever caused by streptobacillus moniliformis.
Streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia in a pet shop. Although it is more commonly reported to cause ratbite fever with reactive arthritides, it can also lead to pyogenic infection of the joints. The organism is a nasopharyngeal commensal of healthy rats. Streptobacillus moniliformis and the recently described s. It is classically characterised by abrupt onset of fever with rigors, myalgias, headache, and the appearance of a generalised maculopapular petechial skin rash. Although it is more commonly reported to cause ratbite fever.
Isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from the blood of a. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a nonmotile, gramnegative rodshaped bacterium that is a member of the family leptotrichiaceae. Its common habitat is the ileal epithelium in rats and mice, and it displays interesting life forms. One patient had a subcutaneous abscess requiring surgical treatment and the other streptobacillary rat bite fever. The purpose of this report is to record the case of a physician who was infected with streptobacillus moniliformis following the bite of a laboratory rat. Although the morphology of the organism is dependent on the age of the culture and growth conditions, it characteristically appears as long filamentous organisms with fusiform. Streptobacillus moniliformis, the only reported bacteria that causes rbf in north america streptobacillary rbf spirillum minus, common in asia spirillary rbf, also known as sodoku people typically become infected with these bacteria after contact with rodents. We present a lady with past history of osteoarthritis developing streptobacillary septic arthritides of the right knee and left wrist, and required antibiotic and. Rat bite fever, caused by streptobacillus moniliformis, is a systemic illness classically characterized by fever, rigors, and polyarthralgias.
Choose from 15 different sets of streptobacillus flashcards on quizlet. Streptobacilliosis, streptobacillary fever, haverhill fever, epidemic arthritic erythema, and read more. Aug 25, 2016 chapter 39 streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum minus objectives 1. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of members of the genus.
Rat bite fever is a zoonosis caused by either streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus 1,3. Streptobacillus moniliformis is the causative agent of rat bite fever, with endocarditis being a rare but welldocumented complication. Epidemiologic notes and reports ratbite fever in a college studentcalifornia. Rbf is a zoonotic systemic illness caused by infection from either the gramnegative bacillus streptobacillus moniliformis, commonly found in the united states, or the gramnegative rod spirillum minus, commonly seen in asia.
Gb14926442001laboratory animalmethod for examination of streptobacillus moniliformis. If there is no clear bite history, the diagnosis is difficult or may not be made. The organism was identified as streptobacillus moniliformis by matrixassisted laser desorption ionization timeofflight mass spectrometry using the biotyper version 3. Rat bite fever is a rarely reported acute febrile bacterial illness caused by streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus following a rat bite. On january 19, 1984, a suspected case of ratbite fever rbf was reported to the san bernardino county california department of. Summary rat bite fever, caused by streptobacillus moniliformis, is a systemic illness classically characterized by fever, rigors, and polyarthralgias. Streptobacillus moniliformis an overview sciencedirect. A streptobacillus from urine is an article from the journal of infectious diseases, volume 21. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a gramnegative bacterium found in various laboratory animal species and is the cause of rat bite fever and haverhill fever in man. Metanext generation sequencing mngs was used to identify potential pathogens and detected s.
The incidence of ratbite fever is highest in urban areas with poor sanitation where the rat population is high, however in recent times cases have also been attributed to occupational contact with rodents such as pet shop employees or laboratory workers or through pet ownership. In 110 days after exposure, patients may exhibit fever, chills, malaise, and muscle aches. Jul 17, 2019 rat bite fever rbf, a severe infectious disease, can result from transmission of the pathogen streptobacillus moniliformis s. This case report describes native mitral valve endocarditis in a 44yearold male patient caused by streptobacillus moniliformis. Pdf rat bite fever and streptobacillus moniliformis sean. Streptobacillus moniliformis ratbite fever lorry g. Streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum minus clinical gate. Epidemiologic notes and reports ratbite fever in a. Two cases of streptobacillus moniliformis infection are reported in farmers bitten by rats during their work. Rat bite fever is a rare infection and sometimes results in complications. Streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia in a rheumatoid. People usually get the disease from contact with infected. It is found in the nasopharynx and oropharynx of wild and laboratory rats. Streptobacillus moniliformis is the causative agent of rat bite fever, a systemic illness that can range from rash on the extremities to.
View more articles from the journal of infectious diseases. Pdf this is an unusual report of isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from the blood of a male child with acute lymphoblastic. Streptobacillus moniliformis and spirrilum minus both are. A 46yearold man with ratbite fever due to streptobacillus moniliformis that was complicated by endocarditis is reported. The organism does not form spores, and is thought to have no significant environmental persistence, so normal environmental decontamination procedures should serve to remove s.
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of members of the. Streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis volume 12. Nov 19, 2015 rat bite fever is a relatively rare infectious disease due to infection with streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus mainly via directs bite by rats, mice, or other rodents. Pdf rat bite fever caused by streptobacillus moniliformis in a child. In a polyphasic approach field isolates and reference strains of s. Ratbite fever rbf epidemiology virginia department of health. Summary rat bite fever, caused by streptobacillus moniliformis, is a systemic illness. Rat bite fever is caused by either streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minor. Streptobacillus definition of streptobacillus by the free. Although the morphology of the organism is dependent on the age of the culture and growth conditions, it characteristically appears as long filamentous organisms with fusiform swellings. Streptobacillus moniliformis was isolated from pus and blood, respectively. This is the first report in the medical literature of a spinal epidural abscess associated with this organism.
This is the first case to be diagnosed using polymerase. In order to evaluate a polymerase chain reaction pcr for the detection of this zoonotic bacterium in animal tissues a set of primers was designed based on the dna base sequence of part of the 16s rrna gene from 11 s. It presents as an acute or chronic illness with polyarthritis in states such as sepsis and bacteremia. A 72yearold asian female with rheumatoid arthritis was admitted for high grade fever and walking difficulty with severe lumbago. Rat bite fever is a relatively rare infectious disease due to either streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus 15. Its name comes from the greek word streptos for curved or twisted, and the latin words bacillus meaning small rod. Human infections result either from rodent bites rat bite fever or contaminated milk or other foods haverhill fever. This is an unusual circumstance, since most laboratory rat bites are believed to be harmless. Streptobacillus moniliformis rat bite fever infectious. We present a case of rbf in a chinese patient who was infected with s. No history of rat bite was there, but rats were present in the house. Gram stain of streptobacillus moniliformis from anaerobic blood culture. Other articles where streptobacillus moniliformis is discussed.
A streptobacillus from urine is an article from the journal of infectious diseases, volume 21 view more articles from the journal of infectious diseases. Unfortunately, its nonspecific initial presentation combined with difficulties in culturing its causative organism produces a significant risk of. Streptobacillus moniliformis, the only species in the genus, is a pleomorphic gramnegative, nonmotile, nonsporeforming, nonencapsulated microaerophilic bacillus. The organisms are found in the throat and nasopharynx of wild and laboratory rats, and they may cause ratbite fever in humans. If left untreated, it carries a mortality rate of 10%. Streptobacillus moniliformis pathogen safety data sheet infectious substances section i infectious agent name. Surgical management of multijoint septic arthritis. Describe the natural habitats of streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum minus. Ratbite fever rbf is an infectious disease caused by two different bacteria. We report a case of streptobacillus moniliformis spondylodiscitis accompanied by a psoas abscess in an 80yearold man scratched by a rooster. We report the case of an hivpositive man who acquired s. Rat bite fever caused by streptobacillus moniliformis infection in a. Epidural abscess caused by streptobacillus moniliformis. Rat bite fever without fever annals of the rheumatic.
Pcr for the detection of streptobacillus moniliformis, 2002. The causative organism of streptobacillary rat bite fever, streptobacillus moniliformis, has been implicated in only ten reported cases of bacterial endocarditis. Rats that are carriers have no symptoms but can effectively transmit the infection by bite or through infected body fluids such as urine. Polyarthritis complicates the course of the disease in up to 50% of infected patients. Its name comes from the greek word streptos for curved or twisted, and the latin words bacillus meaning small rod and moniliformis for necklace. Streptobacilliosis, streptobacillary fever, haverhill fever, epidemic arthritic erythema, and rat bite fever 14, known as sodoku in japan.
Ratbite fever rbf is an infectious disease that is caused by two types of bacteria, one called streptobacillus moniliformis which is the cause of disease in north america, and one called spirillum minus which is the cause for this disease in asia. Streptobacillus bacerial genus microbiology dictionary. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a topic covered in the johns hopkins abx guide to view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription official website of the johns hopkins antibiotic abx, hiv, diabetes, and psychiatry guides, powered by unbound medicine. Rat bite fever and streptobacillus moniliformis clinical.
Rat bite fever is a systemic bacterial illness caused by s moniliformis and characterised by a symmetrical maculopapular rash, arthralgia, and fever. This is an unusual report of isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from the blood of a male child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Streptobacillus moniliformis was identified after culture of the childs blister fluid and was detected in rat samples by. Streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis volume 12, number. Streptobacillus moniliformis definition of streptobacillus. The possible source of infection may be food or water contaminated with rat excreta.
It is a common commensal of the nasopharynx of rodents, and sometimes causes epizootic disease in mice and rats, resulting in otitis media, multiple arthritis and swelling of the feet and legs. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic, gramvariable bacillus often seen in chains and as long unbranched filaments. Open forum infectious diseases id case streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia in a pet shop employee. Dec 08, 2019 streptobacillus moniliformis is a topic covered in the johns hopkins abx guide to view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription official website of the johns hopkins antibiotic abx, hiv, diabetes, and psychiatry guides, powered by unbound medicine. Streptobacillus moniliformis is not routinely reported to public health authorities in most jurisdictions, and hence the true incidence rate is unknown. Complications of streptobacilliary ratbite fever may include endocarditis, brain abscesses, amnionitis. Rat bite fever caused by streptobacillus moniliformis infection in a chinese patient. Field isolates and reference strains as well as origins, clinical symptoms and host species of streptobacillus moniliformis, streptobacillus spp. Unfortunately, its nonspecific initial presentation combined with difficulties in culturing its causative organism produces a significant risk of delay or failure in diagnosis. After 18 weeks of antimicrobial therapy, the clinical condition of the patient improved.
Streptobacillus moniliformis johns hopkins abx guide. Streptobacillus moniliformis seems to be cosmopolitan, and streptobacillary rat bite fever has been documented on most continents. Rat bite fever occurs due to a direct bite by an infected andor colonized rat, mouse, or other rodent or via intake of contaminated food or milk. It can be acquired through the bite of a rodent or the ingestion of contaminated food and water. Pdf isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from the blood of a. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a gramnegative bacillus that requires media containing blood, serum, or ascites fluid as well as incubation under carbon dioxide co 2 for isolation from clinical specimens. When this filamentous endosporeforming bacterium reproduces, it generates. Ratbite fever rbf is an infectious disease that is caused by two types of bacteria, one called streptobacillus moniliformis.